Evaluating Exposure to Road Traffic Air and Noise Pollution: A Comprehensive Review of Assessment Methods
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
Road traffic contributes to air and noise pollution in urban areas, negatively impacting human health. Understanding exposure to air and noise pollution from road traffic is vital for epidemiological studies on human health. This paper aims to (i) summarize current modeling and assessment methods for road traffic-related air and noise pollution, (ii) emphasize the potential of existing tools and techniques for assessing combined air and noise exposure, and (iii) highlight associated challenges, research gaps, and priorities. The paper examines literature concerning air and noise pollution caused by urban road traffic, including dispersion models, Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, spatial exposure assessment scales, study locations, sample sizes, traffic data types, and building geometry information. Approximately 29% of accredited research parameters for air pollution utilized NO2, underscoring the significance of this element in the research context. Additionally, Lden was employed in nearly 34% of publication parameters for noise pollution. Deterministic modeling is the most commonly used technique for assessing short-term and long-term exposure to air and noise pollution. Among the models, more diversity is in air pollution models than in noise pollution models. Correlations between air and noise pollution vary widely and are influenced by numerous factors, such as traffic characteristics, building attributes, and meteorological conditions. Buildings serve as barriers to pollution dispersion, with a more significant reduction effect observed for noise pollution than for air pollution. Meteorology plays a greater role in influencing air pollution levels than noise pollution, although it is also essential for noise pollution assessment. There is considerable potential for developing a standardized tool to assess combined exposure to traffic-related air and noise pollution, facilitating health-related studies. With its geographic capabilities, GIS is well-established and well-suited to address air and noise pollution assessments simultaneously.
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