Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Corn Silks as an Environmentally Friendly Adsorbent
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Abstract
As today’s world faces a crucial water crisis due to increased population and associated development, finding alternative and renewable resources has become necessary. Adsorption is a simple and effective process; when biowaste is applied for this purpose, a reasonable solution is proposed in terms of economical and influential sectors. In the present work, corn silks, usually considered useless, were used to remove the crystal violet dye from a simulated aqueous solution. Different experimental parameters were investigated: solution pH and temperature, adsorbent dose, mixing speed, adsorbate concentration, and contact time. The corn silks were characterized via the SEM microscope, while the chemical functional groups were analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis. The theoretical calculations of adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics were considered to comprehend adsorption nature. The results revealed that as the solution pH reached normality, the highest adsorption removal rate was achieved. After 70 min contact time, the adsorption capacity at a pH of 6.5 was 6.44 mg/g, and the removal rate was 95.5%. Furthermore, the temperature effect test and thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was endothermic. However, the adsorption removal rate increased by increasing the adsorbent dose and agitation speed to a certain contact time, and then all became analogous. The dye concentration showed identical behavior, indicating the high adsorption tendency of corn silks. Lastly, the best-fit isotherm and kinetic models were the Freundlich and Pseudo second-order models, respectively.
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