Removal of Turbidity and Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solution by Coagulation-Flocculation Process
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Water pollution is currently one of the most serious problems facing humanity. In this regard, making this natural resource usable and unpolluted is of great social and economic importance. However, eliminating organic pollutants has received special attention to purify water waste. Chemical coagulation procedures are used by determining the optimal speed and dose of coagulants required to remove turbidity and dye from an aqueous solution while fixing pH and temperature to optimal values based on previous research. Aluminum sulfate (alum) and ferrous sulfate 〖"Fe" 〗_"2 " 〖"(SO" 〗_"4" ")" _(3 ) were used. Alum was found less efficient than 〖"Fe" 〗_"2 " 〖"(SO" 〗_"4" ")" _(3 ). It has been found that reducing turbidity was more effective than removing pigment. Maximum turbidity (NTU) and decolorization of (88% and 83%), respectively, were achieved with an optimum dose of 30 mg/L at pH 11, a settling time of 50 min, and a stirring speed of 120 rpm. Maximum turbidity (NTU) and color removal of (84% and 81%), respectively, were achieved at an optimum dose of 30 mg/L at pH 8, a settling time of 50 minutes, and a stirring speed of 120 rpm. On the other hand, physical and chemical technologies can be used as a rapid and cost-effective treatment method in terms of the availability of materials used compared to other treatment processes.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Plaudit
References
Clarke CJ, Tu W-C, Levers O, Brohl A, Hallett JP. Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes. Chemical Reviews 2018; 118(2): 747–800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00571
Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R, Nigam P. Remediation of Dyes in Textile Effluent: A Critical Review on Current Treatment Technologies with a Proposed Alternative. Bioresource Technology 2001; 77(3): 247–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00080-8
Kobya M, Can OT, Bayramoglu M. Treatment of Textile Wastewaters by Electrocoagulation Using Iron and Aluminum Electrodes. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2003; 100(1–3): 163–178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00102-X
Wijetunga S, Li X-F, Jian C. Effect of Organic Load on Decolourization of Textile Wastewater Containing Acid Dyes in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010; 177(1–3): 792–798. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.103
Vlyssides AG, Loizidou M, Karlis PK, Zorpas AA, Papaioannou D. Electrochemical Oxidation of a Textile Dye Wastewater Using a Pt/Ti Electrode. Journal of Hazardous Materials 1999; 70(1–2): 41–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00130-2
Rajoriya S, Bargole S, Saharan VK. Degradation of Reactive Blue 13 Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation: Effect of Geometrical Parameters and Different Oxidizing Additives. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2017; 37: 192–202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.005
Rajoriya S, Carpenter J, Saharan VK, Pandit AB. Hydrodynamic Cavitation: an Advanced Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Bio-Refractory Pollutants. Reviews in Chemical Engineering 2016; 32(4): 379–411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2015-0075
Gogate PR, Sivakumar M, Pandit AB. Destruction of Rhodamine B Using Novel Sonochemical Reactor with Capacity of 7.5 l. Separation and Purification Technology 2004; 34(1–3): 13–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(03)00170-9
Ahmed SH, Abduljabbar RA. Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Cordia Myxa Fruits as a Low-Cost Adsorbent. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 2023; 30(3): 90–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.3.10
Viessman W, Hammer MJ, Perez EM, Chadik PA. Water Supply and Pollution Control. 7th ed., University of Florida, Gainesville. Pearson Education; 1998.
Ebeling JM, Sibrell PL, Ogden SR, Summerfelt ST. Evaluation of Chemical Coagulation–Flocculation Aids for the Removal of Suspended Solids and Phosphorus from Intensive Recirculating Aquaculture Effluent Discharge. Aquacultural Engineering 2003; 29(1–2): 23–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(03)00029-3
Verma AK, Bhunia P, Dash RR. Chemical Coagulation and Sonolysis for Total Aromatic Amines Removal from Anaerobically Pre-Treated Textile Wastewater: A Comparative Study. Advances in Environmental Research 2014; 3(4): 293–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2014.3.4.293
Kim TH, Park C, Shin EB, Kim S. Decolorization of Disperse and Reactive Dye Solutions Using Ferric Chloride. Desalination 2004; 161(1): 49–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(04)90039-2
Asilian H, Rezaei A, Mortazavi SB, Khavanin A. The Removal of Color and COD from Wastewater Containing Water Base Color by Coagulation Process. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 2006; 3(2): 153–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325919
Zhou Y, Liang Z, Wang Y. Decolorization and COD Removal of Secondary Yeast Wastewater Effluents by Coagulation Using Aluminum Sulfate. Desalination 2008; 225(1–3): 301–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.07.010
Aluminum WU, Salts I. Optimizing Coagulation Process for Low to High Turbidity. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010; 6(5): 442–448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2010.442.448
Abdulmajeed BA, Oleiwi HB. Evaluation of Alum/Lime Coagulant for the Removal of Turbidity from Al-Ahdab Iraqi Oilfields Produced Water. Journal of Engineering 2015; 21(7): 145–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2015.07.11
Guiza S, Bagane M. Étude Cinétique De L’adsorption Du Rouge De Congo Sur Une Bentonite/Kinetics Study of Congo Red Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Onto Bentonite. Revue Des Sciences de l’Eau 2013; 26(1): 39-50.
Bafana A, Jain M, Agrawal G, Chakrabarti T. Bacterial Reduction in Genotoxicity of Direct Red 28 Dye. Chemosphere 2009; 74(10): 1404–1406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.043
Pirkarami A, Olya ME. Removal of Dye from Industrial Wastewater with an Emphasis on Improving Economic Efficiency and Degradation Mechanism. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2017; 21: 179–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2013.12.008
Goudjil S, Guergazi S, Masmoudi T, Achour S. Effect of Reactional Parameters on the Elimination of Congo Red by the Combination of Coagulation–Floculation with Aluminum Sulfate. Desalin Water Treat 2021; 209: 429–436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26474
Ukiwe LN, Ibeneme SI, Duru CE, Okolue BN, Onyedika GO, Nweze CA. Chemical and Electro-Coagulation Techniques in Coagulation-Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment-A Review. Journal: Journal of Advances in Chemistry 2014; 9(3): 2321–2807. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v9i3.1006
Guiza S, Bagane M. Étude cinétique de l’adsorption du rouge de Congo sur une bentonite. Revue Des Sciences de l’eau 2013; 26(1): 39–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1014918ar
Köse TE, Biroğul NÇ. Real Textile Wastewater Reclamation Using a Combined Coagulation/ Flocculation/ Membrane Filtration System and the Evaluation of Several Natural Materials as Flocculant Aids. Gazi University Journal of Science 2016; 29(3): 565-572.
Merzouk B, Gourich B, Madani K, Vial C, Sekki A. Removal of a Disperse Red Dye from Synthetic Wastewater by Chemical Coagulation and Continuous Electrocoagulation. A Comparative Study. Desalination 2011; 272(1–3): 246–253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.029
Aydın MI, Yüzer B, Öngen A, Ökten HE, Selçuk H. Comparison of Ozonation and Coagulation Decolorization Methods in Real Textile Wastewater. 3rd International Conference on Recycling and Reuse, 28-30 September 2016; Istanbul, Turkey: p. 1-10.
Ha BM, Huong DTG. Coagulation in Treatment of Swine Slaughterhouse Wastewater. GeoScience Engineering 2017; 63(1): 15-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/gse-2017-0003
Nkalane A, Oyewo OA, Leswifi T, Onyango MS. Application of Coagulant Obtained Through Charge Reversal of Sawdust-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Enhancement of Water Turbidity Removal. Materials Research Express 2019; 6(10): 105060, (1-10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab3b49