Impact of Partial Replacement of Ordinary Aggregate by Plastic Waste Aggregate on Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
Article Sidebar
Keywords
Geometry, L-Box, Plastic Waste Aggregate, Self-Compacting Concrete, Slump Flow, V-Funnel
Main Article Content
Abstract
Different properties of Self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing plastic waste aggregate (PWA) have been experimentally studied by researchers. However, most of these works focused on examining the properties of one type of PA. In the present paper, the influence of four different types; namely Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Heat-treated plastic (PEL), Mixed plastic (Mix), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a fine aggregate (FA) replacement; on fresh properties of SCC was examined. Results indicated that changing the PWA geometry influenced different properties of SCC. All concrete samples with PVC and PEL plastic were in the range of EFNARC classification (classified in VS2/PA2 class), causing no blocking in V-funnel and L-box test. Meanwhile, mixed plastic up to 7.5% and PET up to 5% fall within VS2/VF2 class; otherwise, the mixture was outside the range of EFNRAC standards. The best plastic waste aggregate regarding all new properties was PVC confirming all requirements for a successful SCC, causing no blocking or segregation. Thus, 10% was selected as the optimum percentage. Furthermore, PET was the worst, for PET-7.5% significant increase in the V-funnel (57.6 sec) and reduction in H2/H1 ratio (0.58) was obtained besides blocking in L-box tests, segregation, and bleeding in slump flow test. Thus, more than 5% is not recommended when using PET in Self-compacting concrete.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
References
Bibm C, Ermco EF. EFNARC: The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete. Specification, Production and Use 2005 May;63.
Okamura H, Ouchi M. Self-Compacting High-Performance Concrete. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials. 1998;1(4) :378-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.2260010406
Europe P. An Analysis of European Plastics Production. Demand and Waste Data. 2018.
Saikia NJD, Brito. Use of Plastic Waste as Aggregate in Cement Mortar and Concrete Preparation: a Review. Construction and Building Materials 2012(34):385-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.066
Ismail ZZ, Al-Hashmi EA. Use of Waste Plastic in Concrete Mixture as Aggregate Replacement. Waste Management 2008;28(11):2041-2047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.023
Al-Salem SM, Lettieri P, Baeyens J. Recycling and Recovery Routes of Plastic Solid Waste (PSW): a Review. Waste Management 2009 Oct 1;29(10):2625-2643. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.004
Guerrero, Abarca L, Maas G, Hogland W. Solid Waste Management Challenges for Cities in Developing Countries. Waste Management 2013; 33(1): 220-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.008
Iucolano F. Liguori B. Caputo D. Colangelo F. Cioffi R. (2013). Recycled Plastic Aggregate in Mortars Composition: Effect on Physical and Mechanical Properties. Materials and Design (1980-2015). 2013;52; 916-922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.025
Safi B, Saidi M, Aboutaleb D, Maallem M. The Use of Plastic Waste as Fine Aggregate in the Self-Compacting Mortars: Effect on Physical and Mechanical Properties. Construction and Building Materials 2013; 43:436-442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.049
Sadrmomtazi A, Dolati-Milehsara S, Lotfi-Omran O, Sadeghi-Nik A. The Combined Effects of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Particles and Pozzolanic Materials on the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 112:2363-2373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.107
Sakin M. Effect of Recycled Granular Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) on Fresh and Hardened Propertıes of Self Consolıdatıng Concrete: Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi; 2015.
Hama SM, Hilal NN. Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Plastic Waste as Partial Replacement of Sand. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 2017; 6(2):299-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.01.001
Mermerdaş K, Nassani DE, Sakin M. Fresh, Mechanical and Absorption Characteristics of Self-Consolidating Concretes Including Low Volume Waste PET Granules. Civil Engineering Journal 2017; 3(10) :809-820. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-030916
Hamzeh A. Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride as a Partial Aggregate Replacement on Mechanical Properties and Behavior of Self Compacted Concrete: Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ); 2018.
Suyoso H, Tedy P. The effect of adding PET (Polyethylen Terephthalate) plastic waste on SCC (self-compacting concrete) to fresh concrete behavior and mechanical characteristics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 953. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/953/1/012023
Neeraja VS, Sharma A. Enviro Safe Concrete using Plastic Waste. Procedia Environ Sci Eng Manag. 2019; 6(4):565-74.
Hilal NN, Kareem Q, Nawar MT. Influence of Polyethylene Waste on Some Fresh & Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. 2018;13(14):10901- 10911.
Faraj RH, Sherwani AFH, Jafer LH, Ibrahim DF. Rheological Behavior and Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting High Strength Concrete Containing Recycled PP Particles with Fly Ash and Silica Fume Blended. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 34:101667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101667
Kumar NR, Bramham SG, Jyoyhi C, Swetha B, Nandini K. Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of SCC Developed with Manufactured Sand and Plastic Waste. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews ISSN, 2582, 7421.
ASTM C150/C150M-21. Standard Specification for Portland Cement. ASTM Int. 2021;1-9.
ASTM C114-18. Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement. ASTM Int. 2018;1-33.
ASTM C115M-10e1. Standard Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter (Withdrawn 2018). ASTM International. 2010.
ASTM C187-16. Standard Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste. ASTM Int. 2016;1-3
ASTM C191-21. Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. ASTM Int. 2021;1-8.
ASTM C188-16. Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement. 2017;1-3.
ASTM C136/C136M-14. Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. ASTM Int. 2020;1-5.
ASTM C494/C494M-19. Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete. 2020;1-15.
EN B. 934-2: 2009+ A1: 2012, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout, Part 2, Concrete admixtures-Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling. British Standard Institution. 2012.
ASTM E1621-21. Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. ASTM Int. 2021;1-9.
ASTM C128-15. Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate. ASTM Int. 2016;1-6.
ASTM C29/C29M-17a. Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate. ASTM Int. 2017;1-5.
Khayat K, Ghezal A, Hadriche M. Factorial Design Model for Proportioning Self-Consolidating Concrete. Materials and Structures. 1999; 32:679-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02481706
ASTM C1611/C1611M A. Standard test method for slump-flow of self-consolidating concrete. ASTM Int. 2010;1-6
ACI 237R-07. Self-consolidating concrete 2007:34.
ASTM C617/C617M-15. Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. ASTM Int. 2016;1-6.
ASTM C39/C39M-21. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. ASTM Int. 2021;1-8.
Topçu İB, Uygunoğlu T. Effect of Aggregate Type on Properties of Hardened Self-Consolidating Lightweight Concrete (SCLC). Construction and Building Materials 2010; 24(7):1286-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.007