Experimental Characterization of Glass/ Carbon Hybrid Composite Reinforced by SiO2 Nanoparticles
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The proven optimal stacking sequence of a glass/carbon hybrid composite and the effects of longitudinal fibers orientation and the incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles were carefully investigated in this work. For the first time, the present research explores the effects of adding silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles on the tensile and flexural strength characteristics of glass-carbon hybrid composites with varying thicknesses and stacking sequences. Three fiber orientations were considered, i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°, and SiO2 nanoparticles as epoxy reinforcement. The infusion procedure was used to fabricate the hybrid laminates. To understand and analyze the impacts of fiber orientation and SiO2 nanoparticles, mechanical parameters, such as tensile and flexural strength, were evaluated. The results showed that increasing plate thickness and the SiO2 nanoparticles boosted tensile and flexural strengths. The bending force was increased by 80.5% when 2 wt.% SiO2 nanoparticles were added to the epoxy for composites with 8 layers. For composite with 12 layers, the bending force increased by 62%.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Plaudit
References
Dong C, Ranaweera HA, Davies IJ. Flexural Properties of Hybrid Composites Reinforced by S-2 Glass and T700S Carbon Fibres. Composites Part B: Engineering 2012; 43(2):573–581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.09.001
Hashim MKR, Majid MSA, Jamir MRM, Kasim FH, Sultan MTH. The Effect of Stacking Sequence and Ply Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF)/Carbon Hybrid Laminate Composites. Polymers 2021; 13:1–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030455
Sharma H, Kumar A, Rana S, Sahoo NG, Jamil M, Kumar R, Sharma S, Li C, Kumar A, Eldin SM, Abbas M. Critical Review on Advancements on the Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Role of Fiber/Matrix Modification on the Performance of the Fibrous Composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2023; 26:2975–3002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.08.036
Dawood T, Fadhil B, Ramadan D. Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Glass and Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites. Nexo Revista Científica 2023; 36(5):75–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v36i05.17286
Baker A, Jones R, Callinan RJ. Damage Tolerance of Graphite/Epoxy Composites. Composite Structures 1985; 4:15–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(85)90018-2
Fischer M, Martin D, Pasquier M. Fatigue Crack Growth in Crosslinked Polymers. Macromolecular Symposia 1995; 93:325–336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.19950930138
Iwahori Y, Ishiwata S, Sumizawa T, Ishikawa T. Mechanical Properties Improvements in Two-Phase and Three-Phase Composites Using Carbon Nano-Fiber Dispersed Resin. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2005; 36:1430–1439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.11.017
Salam MBA, Hosur MV, Zainuddin S, Jeelani S. Improvement in Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composites Using Two Different Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Open Journal of Composite Materials 2013; 3:495–508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111302100803
Manders PW, Bader MG. The Strength of Hybrid Glass/Carbon Fibre Composites. Journal of Materials Science 1981; 16(8):2246–2256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00542387
Chandra SY, Anthony MW. Compressive Behavior of Hybrid Composites. Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 2003:979–987.
Zhang J, Chaisombat K, He S, Wang CH. Hybrid Composite Laminates Reinforced with Glass/Carbon Woven Fabrics for Lightweight Load Bearing Structures. Materials and Design 2012; 36:75–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.006
Murugan R, Ramesh R, Padmanabhan K. Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior and Vibration Characteristics of Thin Walled Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composite Beams under Fixed-Free Boundary Condition. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 2016; 23:909–916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2015.1056394
Murugan R, Lakshmi R, Harish A. Effect of Fiber Orientation on Effective Stacking Sequence of Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composite Laminates for Structural Applications. International Conference for Phoenixes on Emerging Current Trends in Engineering and Management (PECTEAM 2018) 2018:204–209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/pecteam-18.2018.36
Poyyathappan K, Bhaskar GB, Pazhanivel K, Venkatesan N. Tensile and Flexural Studies on Glass - Carbon Hybrid Composites Subjected to Low Frequency Cyclic Loading. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2014; 6(1):83–90.
Brianqon C, Sigety P, G’SelF C. In Situ Study of Matrix Strain in Carbon/Resin Composite Materials. Composites Science and Technology 1996; 56:835–840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(96)00029-2
Benzarti K, Cangemi L, Maso F. Transverse Properties of Unidirectional Glass/Epoxy Composites: Influence of Fibre Surface Treatments. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2001; 32(2):197–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00136-6
Brocks T, Cioffi M, Voorwald H. Effect of Fiber Surface on Flexural Strength in Carbon Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Applied Surface Science 2013; 274:210–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.018
Bajuri F, Mazlan N, Ishak MR, Imatomi J. Flexural and Compressive Properties of Hybrid Kenaf/Silica Nanoparticles in Epoxy Composite. Procedia Chemistry 2016; 19:955–960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.141
Wang HW, Zhou HW, Gui LL, Ji HW, Zhang XC. Analysis of Effect of Fiber Orientation on Young’s Modulus for Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2014; 56:733–739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.020
Dong C, Davies IJ. Flexural Strength of Bidirectional Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced by E Glass and T700S Carbon Fibres. Composites Part B: Engineering 2015; 72:65–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.11.031
Mujahid Y, Sallih N, Abdullah MZ, Mustapha M. Effects of Processing Parameters for Vacuum-Bag-Only Method on Void Content and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Composites. Polymer Composites 2021; 42(2):567–582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25848
ASTM International. Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials. *ASTM D3039/D3039M* 2020:1–13.
ASTM International. Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. *ASTM D790-17* 2020:1–12.
Liu F, Deng S, Zhang J. Mechanical Properties of Epoxy and Its Carbon Fiber Composites Modified by Nanoparticles. Journal of Nanomaterials 2017; 2017:1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8146248
Ghani A, Ngatiman N, Umaidin R, Dharmalingam S, Munir F, Ranom R. Hybrid Carbon/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer; A Frontier Material for Aerospace Industry: A Review on Mechanical Properties Enhancement. Current Science and Technology 2021; 1(2):41–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/cst.v1i2.6919
Rabbi MS, Das S, Tasneem T, Billah MM, Hasan A. Effect of Nano-Filler on the Manufacturing and Properties of Natural Fiber-Based Composites: A Review. Journal of Engineering Advancements 2023; 4(4):101–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38032/jea.2023.04.001
Sasaki Y, Nishizawa Y, Watanabe T, Kureha T, Uenishi K, Nakazono K, Takata T, Suzuki D. Nanoparticle-Based Tough Polymers with Crack-Propagation Resistance. Langmuir 2023; 39(26):9262–9272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01226
Karnati SR, Agbo P, Zhang L. Applications of Silica Nanoparticles in Glass/Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposite. Composites Communications 2020; 17:32–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2019.11.003
Hakamy A. Influence of SiO2 Nanoparticles on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Thermal Stability of Portland Cement Nanocomposites. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2021; 15(1):909–917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2021.2011594
Mohanty A, Srivastava VK. Effect of Alumina Nanoparticles on the Enhancement of Impact and Flexural Properties of the Short Glass/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Based Composites. Fibers and Polymers 2015; 16(1):188–195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-015-0188-5
Ajaj EA, Jubier NJ, Majeed KJ. Fatigue Behavior of Epoxy/SiO2 Nanocomposites Reinforced with E-Glass Fiber. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management 2013; 2(1):62–69.